Inland waterway transport (IWT) is currently in focus for EU countries due to a shift in policy towards a more
sustainable and green economy. The aim of this article is to analyze the possibility of using a grey incidence
analysis (GIA) to identify key factors related to the functioning of the IWT system. GIA is classified as
a multi-criteria decision-making method and is one of the key applications of grey systems theory (GTS), i.e.,
systems with incomplete and uncertain information about structure and behavior. GIA identifies the most favorable
(or quasi-preferred) system characteristics and the most favorable (or quasi-preferred) system factors. The
identification of such characteristics and factors enables a reduction in the inconsistencies in decision making
on the functioning of the system. The application of the GIA to the assessment of the IWT system is an original
concept.