Today’s shipping industry is experiencing a shortage of properly trained and competent deck and engine officers. This problem is becoming more acute with each passing year and traditional methods to resolve it apparently do not work. It has become obvious that cargo vessels must be less dependent on human operators. The
solution lies in the replacement of manned vessels with autonomous ones. The introduction of autonomous vessels encounters several barriers, which need to be analyzed to find ways to overcome them. It requires a multipronged analysis of existing regulations, technical limitations, cyber security, and co-existence of manned and
unmanned vessels in waters with dense traffic. The most difficult problems lie in international regulations,
which were written for manned vessels only. Such rules need to be reworked before the deployment of autonomous vessels can be sanctioned worldwide. Technical issues are being gradually resolved with the introduction
of new technologies. Special attention should be given to the cyber security of autonomous shipping as it
requires the transfer of very large amounts of data through wireless networks. Accommodation of manned and
unmanned vessel traffic may require a new approach for ship routing to separate both kinds of traffic.