This paper explores the role of regional policy in strengthening the EU’s research and innovation policy paradigm,
with a particular focus on smart specializations. These specializations play a major role in stimulating
R&I at the regional level in less-developed regions of the EU. Smart specialization is the EU’s new concept for
the regions; it assumes improvement in both innovation and competitiveness, based on endogenic potential; in
particular, in already existing branches of the economy. Smart specializations should, by definition, concentrate
economic resources on chosen priorities; one of these priorities is the growth of the blue economy. Smart
specializations need to be clearly defined, only then can they contribute to economic growth when combined
with proper management of public financial means. The objective of this paper is to introduce and characterize
the assumptions for smart specializations and to assess the progress of their implementation and the necessary
conditions required in Polish regions; particularly when referring to sectors of the blue economy.
