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Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin,
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin,
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
ISSN 1733-8670 (Printed)
ISSN 2392-0378 (Online)
DOI PREFIX 10.17402
The Scientific Journals (SJ) issued by the Maritime University of Szczecin (MUS) is a magazine which presents results of MUS research and educational activities. SJ has been published since 1973 but in 2004 it changed the ISSN from 0209-2069 to 1733-8670 as a result of MUS changing its name from Wyższa Szkoła Morska w Szczecinie to Akademia Morska w Szczecinie.
At the beginning there were several papers published in SJ and they were connected with maritime affairs. Doctoral and habilitation theses had also been published then. With time the SJ scope expanded to among others nautical issues, operation of the vessel, marine power plant operation. The magazine presented also symposium and conference proceedings.
Since 2008, the magazine has been published in A4 format with a new layout. Since 2010 the journal has been publishing the articles in English. By the end of 2014 a total of 112 Scientific Journals will have been published.
The SJ Scientific Board ensures high quality of published papers. All papers are reviewed confidentially and anonymously (double blind review) and are a subject of scientific edition.
The Scientific Journals printed version is primary.
http://scientific-journals.eu/
List of Issues
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71 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 71 / 2022
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70 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 70 / 2022
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69 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 69 / 2022
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68 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 68 / 2021
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67 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 67 / 2021
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66 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 66 / 2021
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65 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 65 / 2021
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64 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 64 / 2020
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63 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 63 / 2020
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62 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 62 / 2020
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61 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 61 / 2020
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60 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 60 / 2019
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59 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 59 / 2019
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58 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 58 / 2019
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57 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 57 / 2019
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56 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 56 / 2018
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55 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 55 / 2018
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54 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 54 / 2018
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53 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 53 / 2018
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52 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 52 / 2017
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51 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 51 / 2017
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50 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 50 / 2017
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49 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 49 / 2017
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48 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 48 / 2016
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47 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 47 / 2016
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46 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 46 / 2016
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45 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 45 / 2016
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44 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 44 / 2015
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43 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 43 / 2015
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42 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 42 / 2015
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41 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 41 / 2015
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40 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 40 / 2014
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39 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 39 / 2014
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38 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 38 / 2014
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37 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 37 / 2014
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36.2 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 36 / 2013
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36.1 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 36 / 2013
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35 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 35 / 2013
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34 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 34 / 2013
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33 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 33 / 2013
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32.2 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 32 / 2012
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32.1 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 32 / 2012
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31 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 31 / 2012
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30 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 30 / 2012
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29 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 29 / 2012
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28 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 28 / 2011
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27 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 27 / 2011
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26 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 26 / 2011
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25 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 25 / 2011
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24 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 24 / 2010
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23 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 23 / 2010
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22 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 22 / 2010
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21 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 21 / 2010
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20 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 20 / 2010
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19 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 19 / 2009
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18 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 18 / 2009
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17 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 17 / 2009
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16 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 16 / 2009
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15 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 15 / 2008
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14 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 14 / 2008
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13 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 13 / 2008
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12 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 12 / 2007
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11 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 11 / 2006
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10 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 10 / 2006
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09 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 9 / 2005
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08 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 8 / 2006
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07 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 7 / 2005
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06 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 6 / 2005
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05 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 5 / 2005
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04 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 4 / 2004
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03 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 3 / 2004
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02 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 2 / 2004
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01 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 1 / 2004
Recent Submissions
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(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie, )The Automatic Identification System (AIS) device is mandatory for ships that comply with the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). AIS is intended for vessel traffic monitoring to improve shipping safety. In the examined area, the base station received 22 128 345 messages in April 2019. Approximately 80% of these messages included position reports, which were subjected to geospatial analysis. One possible utilization of AIS messages is used in an intelligent maritime transport statistics production system called TranStat in the Gospostrateg project. This specific study compares the speed of executing geospatial queries in a relational PostgreSQL database engine and a non-relational MongoDB database engine. For the purpose of this research, we have defined four AIS datasets, four test polygons of varied number of vertices, and a reference point on a fairway. The tests were used to assess the execution of the queries in a database that returns the number of ships located in a predefined area and the number of ships located at a preset distance from the defined point. It has been determined from the test results that test queries are performed faster and data stored in the database occupy less disk space in MongoDB than in PostgreSQL. Faster geospatial analysis of AIS messages may improve the navigation safety by earlier detection of dangerous situations.
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(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie, )The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a query aimed at assessing the validity of the topic of crankcase explosions prevention in the main marine engines. The study takes into account the engine type, engine manufacturer, ship’s age, accident severity, ship’s location at the time of the incident, and the share of fatal accidents in the analyzed population of crankcase explosions. One of the primary hazards associated with offshore and deep-sea ship operations – and primarily ship power plants – are fires and explosions that result in accidents and incidents with an average frequency of 60 days. This paper discusses the actuality of crankcase explosion hazards in the main propulsion engines of various types of sea vessels. The assessment was made based on the results of a statistical analysis of historical data from 1972 to 2018. The methodology consisted of three stages: (1) a selection query to obtain the source data, (2) analysis of the obtained results (data separation, extraction of additional information, and statistical analysis), (3) synthesis of the obtained information, and drawing conclusions about the numerical indicators describing the statistical distribution of individual events for the given evaluation criteria. The analysis showed that the risk of crankcase explosions affects ships of all ages – both in crosshead (31%) and trunk piston engines (61%) – and that the number of serious incidents (67%) remained constant over the investigated period. Half of all incidents occurred on vessels younger than 15 years old. 58% of explosions took place in engines of the most popular prime movers manufacturers. The probability that a main engine crankcase explosion will result in injury or death is 17.34%.
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(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie, )This paper investigates the effect of buoys and a clump weight on the mooring lines and the dynamic response of the floating platform. The full-scale of the OC4-DeepCwind semisubmersible FOWT platform is analyzed using the boundary element method (BEM) with ANSYS-AQWA software, when considering regular wave conditions. Platform motions and mooring line tension in the surge, heave, and pitch are presented and discussed in the time domain analyses (TDA) and frequency domain analyses (FDA). Validation is performed by compression of the platform motion RAO and the fairlead tension RAO magnitudes in the surge, heave, and pitch (for both numerical and experimental data) under seven sea states’ regular waves. The results show that increasing the number of buoys at a constant volume decreases the surge and pitch motion amplitude, while the heave motion increases slightly. Adding the buoy and clump weight (type 1) to the mooring line reduces the oscillation amplitude tension. In addition, raising the number of buoys increases the oscillation tension.
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(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie, )Thanks to the availability of mobile devices and the spread of broadband access around the world, the number of network users continues to grow. This has raised user awareness when it comes to the quality of content they consume. Many service providers and operators focus on monitoring QoN (Quality of Network) and QoS (Quality of Service) parameters, particularly those influenced by bandwidth and latency. However, for most end-users, quality is understood as the subjective QoE (Quality of Experience), a mixture of several individual factors. This paper presents a QoN evaluation, carried out under real-time operating conditions at a university campus, considering the overall performance of the cellular network. The study involved 50 mobile devices, i.e., smartphones, used by students during their typical activity throughout a week. The results were gathered on the eve of 5G, using a custom-built Android application. This application enabled the acquisition of valuable data about the wireless link, including download and upload speed, latency (pink), the ID of the serving base station, and type of cellular connection. This approach can be used to detect the strengths and weaknesses of back-end networks.
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(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie, )The definition of dynamic areas of searching for shipwrecks, and/or the movement of pollution across waters of Szczecin Lagoon first requires the knowledge and specification of hydro-meteorological conditions across the area. This article compares wind parameters from various sources of meteorological stations located close to Szczecin Lagoon. The wind speed and direction were obtained from Ueckermuende, I Brama Torowa (Urząd Morski Szczecin), and Kopice (wind meter of Szczecin Maritime Academy). Wind direction data analysis was based on directional statistics methods and tools.
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(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie, )As the year 2022 has come, people expect much and are looking to achieve new goals and face challenges. We are happy to offer to you another issue of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. In this issue, we present views, opinions and research findings from different areas of research. Articles have been grouped into the following thematic sections: Civil Engineering and Transport, Material and Mechanical Engineering, Economics, Management and Quality Science and Information and Communication Technology. In Civil Engineering and Transport, there are two articles. The authors of the first study believe that the shoreline is an important geographical zone, and a better understanding of it could have key importance for shore management and creating maps. An analysis of methods for delineating the shoreline was made, where the focus of attention was accuracy. The second paper describes the mathematical formulas for the boundary element method (BEM) governing the dynamics of mooring with buoy equipment. The paper dealt with the semi-submersible FOWT OC4-DeepCwind platform. It was found that by properly selecting the volume and the position of a buoy on the rope the rope’s stress can be reduced by up to 45%. Material and Mechanical Engineering consists of two articles. In the first study, a functional diagram for an automatic sliding mode control system for a three-phase bridge buck current converter was developed. To achieve this, a simulation program was created in MATLAB/Simulink which analysed the dynamic performance of the developed automatic control system, operating in the active rectifier and network current inverter modes. The second article analyses the impact of gas turbine contamination on a drop in airflow, pressure ratio and compressor efficiency. The analysis was based on the assumption that the turbine contamination results in a decreased rated power of the gas turbine and an increased fuel consumption. The case of a shipborne MT30 gas turbine with a nominal power of 36 MW is used in the study. In Economics, Management and Quality Science, we present three articles. Authors of the first study have set out to determine the main conditions for cost-effective production of motor boats in Poland taking into account the implementation of an R&D project. A descriptive analysis was carried out to describe the market conditions for the operation of manufacturers of motor boats, including electric boats. The results obtained allowed defining changes in the business model based on the R&D project. The subject of consideration in the second paper of this section is the concept of a green port. The authors have analysed various initiatives and strategies for ports that are already called “green”. Recommendations based on the analysis are profiled specifically for the Port of Gdynia. The authors of the third study focused on the relationship marketing aspects of container transport. They believe that the strategic competitive advantage in this area of transport is no longer entirely dependent on the basic characteristics of the service provided, and that customer relationships are becoming more important. Authors conclude that container shipping lines must develop effective customer-oriented relationship marketing strategies. Guided by this view, the authors examined selected relationship marketing strategies that are practised in the container shipping industry. Information and Communication Technology presents a study, in which the authors explore the use of ontology for semi-automatic marine vessel navigation and ship-to-ship communication to mitigate collision risk. Examples of how such communication can be used are discussed, based on a comprehensive analysis of selected marine collisions, with particular attention to the communication conducted on ships. The effectiveness of such communication was assessed and compared. I am hoping that the studies presented will meet with wide interest implying discussions and research not only in the discussed research areas, but also going beyond them, giving a stimulus to interdisciplinary and heuristic analyses.
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(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie, )In recent years, there has been an intensification of work on the autonomy of means of transport, which also applies to ships. Modern ships are already equipped with crew decision support systems and numerous diagnostic systems. Increasingly more systems are installed on ships that can operate without human integration. This situation leads to the development and use of fully autonomous ships. This overview publication briefly describes the main features of the construction and operation of autonomous ships, including some examples of structures already demonstrated in recent years. In summary, the author presents comments that provide a contribution to the discussion on the autonomy of means of maritime transport.
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(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie, )Hydrofoils are utilized as instruments to improve the hydrodynamic performance of marine equipment. In this paper, the motion of a 2D NACA0012 hydrofoil advancing in water near the free surface was simulated, and a mesh morphing-adjoint based optimizer was used to maximize its lift-to-drag ratio. Ansys-Fluent was used as a CFD solver, and a mesh-morphing tool was used as a geometry reconstruction tool. Furthermore, the Adjoint solver was applied to evaluate the sensitivities of the objective function to all solution variables. Defined control points around the geometry are design variables that move in an appropriate direction through shape sensitivity. The computational results were validated against available experimental data and published numerical findings. Subsequently, different hydrodynamic characteristics of the optimized hydrofoil were compared to those of the original model at different angles of attack of 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, and 6.5°, and optimized shapes were determined. It was observed that the shape of the optimized hydrofoil was totally dependent on the angle of attack, which produced different lift-to-drag ratios. It is also seen that among higher angles of attack at which improvement in the L/D ratio became steady, the drag coefficient was the lowest at 5°. Therefore, it can be concluded that the appropriate angle of attack for a hydrofoil installation on the ship hull is 5°. Further investigation was conducted concerning the evolution of shape optimization, sensitivity analysis, free surface elevation, flow characteristics, and hydrodynamic performance of the hydrofoil at a 5° angle of attack.
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(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie, )The grounding of a 400-meter long container vessel, called Ever Given, in the Suez Canal blocked the busiest shipping lane, which is responsible for 12% of seaborne trade, for 6 days. Some shipping companies had to divert their vessels and they had to take a much longer route around Africa to reach European ports. The concerned shipping industry started to look for alternative sea route to the Suez Canal with lesser risk of blockage, without a need to go around Africa. Such routes, which connect the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, exist in the Arctic and the warming of the global climate makes them more accessible over time but the assessment of their viability requires a multifaceted analysis based on available professional navigational publications, scientific papers, and knowledge of polar shipping realities. Several nautical aspects are taken into account with the purpose of choosing a polar route that is most suitable as an alternative to the Suez Canal. Three routes are under consideration. One of them is the Northern Sea Route in the eastern part of the Arctic Ocean, along the coast of the Russian Federation. The second route is the Northwest Passage through the western part of the Arctic, passing waters belonging to Greenland, Canada, and the United States. The third one passes near the North Pole, a prospective route that may become available for commercial shipping in the future due to Arctic ice shrinkage, and it is known as the Transpolar Route. Analysis of these routes unambiguously point to the Northern Sea Route as the only viable option. Most prospective alternatives to the Suez Canal are technically feasible with the new generation of cargo vessels and they are experiencing a growth in maritime traffic together with a steady development of associated infrastructure. The existing simplified analyses of the transit costs, assuming strait passage in polar waters without any course deviation and the additional fuel that is burnt to overcome increased friction during passage in ice, shows that under present conditions that the Suez Canal Route is still cheaper than any polar transit and, moreover, offers year-round availability. It cannot be ruled out that the upcoming warming of the Arctic climate, and a lowering of the transit tariffs by the Russian Federation may tip the balance in favor of the Northern Sea Route. Presented here is an analysis of the competitiveness of the Arctic Routes in comparison to the Suez Canal from the perspective of the mariner.
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(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie, )This article indicates the development trends in the construction of offshore wind turbines worldwide, and the characteristics of existing and planned ships for wind turbine installation and maintenance; it presents an approach to design ports with their future operations in mind. Problem: The safety of navigation in port waterways is the basic restrictions for the construction of harbors (terminals) to handle ships used for the construction of OWT and for increasing their size. Navigational risk is a criterion of navigational safety assessment that allows its accurate estimation in port waterways. Method: The article presents the method for dimensioning port waterways for ships serving offshore sea wind turbine transport and construction. Furthermore, a method for determining the navigational risk of jack-up vessels navigating in port waterway areas is presented. Results: The authors have determined conditions for safe operation of these ships in restricted areas and defined the basic condition of navigational safety. The presented method of navigational risk analysis refers to the departure of a loaded ship carrying offshore wind turbine components in the presently designed port terminal in Świnoujście for handling offshore wind farm projects. Conclusion: These are universal methods that can be applied to the design of ports serving vessels that install offshore wind turbines in various types of waters.
