ISSN 1733-8670 (Printed)
ISSN 2392-0378 (Online)
DOI PREFIX 10.17402
The Scientific Journals (SJ) issued by the Maritime University of Szczecin (MUS) is a magazine which presents results of MUS research and educational activities. SJ has been published since 1973 but in 2004 it changed the ISSN from 0209-2069 to 1733-8670 as a result of MUS changing its name from Wyższa Szkoła Morska w Szczecinie to Akademia Morska w Szczecinie.
At the beginning there were several papers published in SJ and they were connected with maritime affairs. Doctoral and habilitation theses had also been published then. With time the SJ scope expanded to among others nautical issues, operation of the vessel, marine power plant operation. The magazine presented also symposium and conference proceedings.
Since 2008, the magazine has been published in A4 format with a new layout. Since 2010 the journal has been publishing the articles in English. By the end of 2014 a total of 112 Scientific Journals will have been published.
The SJ Scientific Board ensures high quality of published papers. All papers are reviewed confidentially and anonymously (double blind review) and are a subject of scientific edition.
The Scientific Journals printed version is primary.
Parviz Ghadimi, Saeid Karami, Amin Nazemian; , ; ,
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
The hydrodynamic performance of trimaran hulls has been previously investigated for optimum performance
in calm water, but there is still a limited understanding of its motion response; therefore, a CFD-based numerical
approach was developed and applied on a trimaran hull in the presence of regular and irregular waves.
To validate the CFD method, a comparison was conducted using both experimental and 3D panel method data.
In this study, two different turbulence models were surveyed, and the SST Menter k-Omega (k-ω) turbulence
model was shown to be a more accurate model than the realizable k-Epsilon (k-ε) model. The different features
of the proposed numerical model include the implementation of an overset mesh method, unique mesh plan
refinement, and wave-damping region. The discrepancy between the experimental data and the results of other
seakeeping calculation methods have always been problematic, especially for low-speed strip theory and 3D
panel methods, but good consistency was observed between the proposed CFD model and experimental data.
Unlike potential-based or conformal mapping seakeeping analysis methods, the effect of nonlinear waves,
hull shape above the waterline, and other ship dynamic phenomena were considered in this CFD application.
The proposed CFD method reduces the simulation time and computational efforts for ship motion calculations.
Herdzik, Jerzy
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
This paper discusses the problem of atmosphere composition assessment related to entrance and inspection of
a vessel cargo tank after washing, gas-freeing and ventilation. A correct assessment of the atmosphere before
an entrance into the cargo tank or other enclosed spaces is a basic condition for the possibility of safe crew
working. An assessment of the flammability hazard, presence of toxic or dangerous gases for human, and the
oxygen concentration should be completed. In this regard, the ship-owner should prepare adequate procedures
before an entrance, during work, and in emergency situations. The officers responsible should perform
an assessment onboard the vessel their decisions are crucial for the safety of successive operations. A proper
assessment of oxygen concentration in the air into the cargo tank or an enclosed space after the measurement
is one of the primary problems which should be properly interpreted. This concerns such situations when the
measured oxygen concentration into the tank reaches the value over 22% and below 20.6% of volume (mole)
contribution (v/v). Air temperature in the 5–25°C range may create additional threats. This manuscript clarifies
the controversial information included in manuals concerning the safety of entrance into enclosed spaces on
vessels and the ship-owners procedures concerning the safety precautions for preparing, entrance, protection,
and work inside the cargo tanks.
Rymarz, Joanna
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the occurrence of selected types of failures and
the time and season of their occurrence in public transport buses in the city of Lublin. The analysis was carried
out for buses operated in the Municipal Transport Company within the past 3 years. The chi-squared analysis
showed that during operation, there are significant differences between the failures and the annual season, but
there are no differences between the frequency of failures and the time of day.
Graylee, Adeleh; Yousefifard, Mahdi
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
This paper presents a numerical investigation of the hydrodynamic performance of a modified sandglass-type
FPSO (Floating Production, Storage and Offloading) with different geometrical parameters. The influence of
the roll damping plate on heave and pitch motions of the FPSO was studied in regular waves. To estimate the
hydrodynamic performance and utilize the results on the design stage of the FPSO, the boundary element
method (BEM) was used. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic performance of two cylindrical and sandglass-type
FPSOs under the same conditions was compared in different waves. Five sandglass-type FPSOs with dissimilar
inclination angles were utilized with the constant draft. The effects of different inclination angles, including
various radii of water-plane part of the floating object on hydrodynamic responses and wave forces applied to
the FPSO, were investigated, and presented here. Numerical results were compared against published experimental
data of a sandglass-type model, and good agreement was achieved. Based on the simulation results,
a conclusion that a sandglass-type FPSO with the inclination angle of 35 degrees proposes proper hydrodynamic
performance in both heave and pitch motions for all ranges of wave frequencies was reached. In addition, as
it was predicted, the effect of heading sea on a sandglass-type FPSO was significant compared to other wave
directions. Finally, by adding a damper plate to the floor of the platform, its hydrodynamic performance is
improved. For numerical analysis of the modified FPSO, three different damper sizes are used to investigate its
effect on the reduction of the pitch motion amplitude in waves.
Szelangiewicz, Tadeusz; Żelazny, Katarzyna
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
Unmanned, remotely or autonomously ships are the fastest growing new technology in maritime transport in
recent years. The design of unmanned vessels envisions clean, emission-free electric propulsion. The costs of
building physical models and target vessels are high, but the expected benefits are generating increasing interest in such vessels. This article presents the current state of research in the field of unmanned ships and the
technical, legal and administrative problems that need to be solved in order for these ships to be used by the
general public.
Gostomski, Eugeniusz; Nowosielski, Tomasz
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
The aim of the article is a synthetic presentation of the complex process of financing investments related to
shipbuilding and purchase. The first part presents the concept of shipbuilding cycles and the relationship between the shipbuilding industry and the shipping market. The paper then reviews the concepts and literature
related to the shipbuilding industry, shipbuilding financing, and ship purchase. Lastly, the current state of the
shipbuilding market is described. The results of the analysis indicates possibilities of financing the purchase of
new vessels including mortgage bonds.
Dembińska, Izabela
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
Dear Readers,
I am pleased to announce the publication of the third edition (63(135)) of the Scientific Journals of the
Maritime University of Szczecin in 2020. This edition contains the findings and opinions of the authors within
thirteen articles, which are grouped into six fields: Civil Engineering and Transport, Environmental Engineering,
Mining and Energy, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Economics, Management and Quality
Science, and Information and Communication Technology.
The Civil Engineering and Transport section begins with an article in which the authors provide an FMECA
for a thermal deburring machine of a Slovak company to develop an efficient maintenance policy. The second
article also covers maintenance issues by addressing freight cars used in railway transport. The authors used
railroad car operation, maintenance, and failure data to establish a methodology to calculate the probability
of failure and thereby determine the risk levels in the rolling stock maintenance policy. The author of the
third article noted that the continued growth of transport systems and the extensive activities related to the
system user safety require the development of methods to assess how the extension or upgrading of road
infrastructure impacts road safety. The author aimed to develop an assessment concept that will form part
of a comprehensive methodology for analyzing the operational reliability of transport systems. Conceptualized
in the article is an assessment of the impact of road infrastructure on road safety that refers to the
GAMAB and Road Safety Impact Assessment methods reported in the literature. The concept is based on
a comparative analysis of the state of road infrastructure before and after expansion or upgrades, based on
publicly-available data. The last article in this section deals with digitization, one of the most urgent modern
determinants of economic activity. The authors consider the digitization of transport as a tool for achieving
the European Union’s policy objectives set out in the Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe. For railway
transport, digital innovation is necessary to increase its competitiveness, and one of the tools for the digital
transformation of the railway is the fifth-generation of wireless communication systems (5G). The purpose of
this article is to show the advantages of 5G deployment for railway operators. It describes unique flexibility in
the allocation of 5G network resources, depending on the existing needs of rail traffic.
The Environmental Engineering, Mining and Energy section contains study, that elaborates on the modern
technologies used for the production and utilization of methanol. Particular attention was paid to technology
for energy storage in the form of “renewable” methanol generated from hydrogen produced using renewable
surplus energy or from captured CO2. The paper presents a methanol production and treatment plant and
a methodology for assessing the plant efficiency.
The Electrical Engineering section contains two studies. The first article demonstrates that an electricity-
and-power system is affected by various types of power quality disturbances, which have a detrimental
effect on generators, transformers and electrical appliances. At the same time, the authors noted that some
6 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin 63 (135)
of the most harmful disturbances in power quality are voltage subharmonics, and the study describes the
effect of voltage subharmonics on power losses and the heating-up of an induction motor. The second article
presents methods for analyzing the power characteristics of generator sets with vector control of an asynchronous
squirrel-cage machine. These methods facilitate analyses of the power characteristics of generator
sets with field-oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC).
The Mechanical Engineering section also contains two studies. The authors of the first article presented
an analysis of possible variants of a handling terminal system by considering the factors of the current development
of the Russian transport system. Their considerations were directed at identifying the rationale and
possible issues related to the lack of human presence in the technological process of an inland container
terminal. The control system of a mini crane is reported in the second study of this section, which analyses
a system employing a programmable logic-controlled exoskeleton.
The Economics, Management and Quality Science section presents three articles. The first examines the
impact of exchange rate movements on international trade. The authors point out that various studies prove
that the impact may vary between different sectors and countries. In the fishing industry, this relationship
was not widely studied; therefore, an analysis was undertaken in this respect. Using the Emirmahmutoğlu
and Köse causality test, the authors examined whether exchange rate fluctuations in certain countries affected
fish production. The authors of the next study considered the most important problem in recent months,
COVID-19. As we have already seen, the pandemic is a strong determinant, not only of social life, but the
economy as well. Recognizing the strong impact of COVID-19 on different spheres of our lives, the authors
analyzed the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the oil market. The authors of the third study in this
section, assuming that the management process analysis allows the detection of weaknesses and strengths,
analyzed the production line management processes. To this end, they created a queuing model for a production
line and analyzed its performance and reliability. The attempted modelling was used to determine
whether queuing theory can be used to mod-el processes in production lines.
In the last section, Information and Communication Technology, the authors evaluated the tracking performance
of the GOOSE platform and compared it to a reference receiver. The quality and performance were
analyzed using raw measurements of three signals, GPS L1CA, L2CM and L5. The data were processed with
the “zeroEdit” module of the TUB-NavSolutions software.
In conclusion, the presented articles address a wide range of contemporary problems that can initiate
theoretical and empirical scientific research. We are aware that the problems are described only to a modest
extent, yet we hope that the articles will inspire further research and considerations.
Pacana, Jacek; Homik, Wojciech
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
This study was designed to determine the vibroactivity parameters of a hermetic harmonic drive. A specially-prepared test bench was used to measure the normal velocity of vibrations and acoustic pressure generated
by the unit. Piezoelectric sensors were applied to measure the characteristic values on the body of the prototype.
In selected sections of drive, we determined the effective values of acceleration ae and frequency f. For the
same points, the effective values of vibration velocity Vc were determined for the corresponding frequencies.
The findings presented in this paper enable the assessment of a toothed gear in terms of the quality of its workmanship and wear-related deterioration, which are very important due to the characteristic work of this special
drive
Kostecka, Ewelina
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
This article presents joining methods (welding and sealing) of single-polymer composite materials in a hot air
stream. The research material was created using the film-stacking method, which involves pressing successive
fractions of polyethylene terephthalate-modified with glycol (PET-G) at defined technological conditions, such
as pressure, temperature, and time. Joining method analysis was carried out based on the tensile test results.
Analysis of the obtained results showed that the properties of the overlapped weld joint were the best because
they were closest to the original materials. In contrast, PET-G welded joint properties were the worst because
the PET-G welded joint does not contain fibers, which enhanced the weld; therefore, the fastest breakage of
the material was observed at the welding location. For the overlapped weld, the weld itself is more resistant
because the joint surface is influenced by friction forces between joined materials.
Galas, Roman; Kunzi, Florian; Adolfs, Marjolijn; Overbeck, Matthias; Felber, Wolfgang
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
The GOOSE (GNSS Receiver with open software interface) Software-Defined Receiver has been developed
at the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS) in Nürnberg, Germany. The main motivation for the
development of this platform was to control the receiver at all stages, from digital signal processing to the PVT
domain, and to enable controlled feedback to the hardware. Besides having access to all raw data including
correlation values, the GOOSE receiver also enables for example tight- or ultra-tight integration with an inertial
navigation system or other dead reckoning systems, as these kinds of architectures require access to the
acquisition and tracking loops.
In this paper, the tracking performance of the GOOSE platform was evaluated and compared to a reference
receiver (Septentrio PolaRx5S). Several long data sessions were recorded on a “zero baseline” in which both
receivers used the same precise geodetic antenna that was also developed at Fraunhofer IIS. The measurements
were performed in a harsh environment (obstructions, multipath, possible interferences), as well as on a site
with an unobstructed sky view.
Quality and performance analyses were performed using raw measurements (in the domain of primary observables)
of three civil GPS signals: L1CA, L2CM, and L5. The data were processed using the “zeroEdit” module
of the TUB-NavSolutions academic software for education and research. The quality of the raw observables
and tracking performance were described by the following parameters: number of cycle slips detected, number
of un-correctable cycle slips, number of loss of locks of the signals, number of single epoch data gaps, and the
length of carrier phase arcs. The presentation is illustrated with some numerical examples.