Na podstawie przeglądu literatury, przedstawiono w pracy różne rodzaje stanowisk badawczych używanych do badań odporności na erozję kawitacyjną. Dodatkowo zamieszczono opis urządzeń znajdujących się w polskich ośrodkach badawczych.

This paper presents results of research on inter-metallic Fe-Al alloys cavitational erosion resistance, using the flux-impact measuring device. These inter-metallic alloys are proved to have good resistance from this type of erosion in comparison with other construction materials. It was found that this is an advantageous influence of the laser-melted zone of cavitational erosion resistance of inter-metallic FeAl23 alloys.

Przedstawiono wynikt badań odporności na zużycie kawitacyjne stopów FeAl36 1 PeAl45. które wykonano na stanowisku pomiarowym typu strumieniowo-uderzenio-^ego. Stopy te wykazały dobrą odporność na len typ erozji w porównaniu z innymi ma-terictłami konstrukcyjnymi.

Cavitation is a one of many wear mechanisms which are related to the flow of liquid. It is one of the most destructive wear methods for stainless materials. The local changes in the pressure of the liquid stream related to the flow across the metal component cause straightening of the surface area, as well as its erosion and the formation of pits on the surface layer. The erosion value of cavitation is related to the material’s microstructure, the geometry of the element, the phase composition of the material and the surface roughness. In this paper the investigation of the cavitation process for duplex stainless steel has been performed. Samples examined in the first stages of the experiments were not significantly changed, but after a long time the hardness increase was very visible. The result of the cavitation was also cracking along the interphase boundaries, which resulted in the chipping of the material. One of the most important results was a description of the change in the wear mechanisms and its intensity during the cavitation exposure time. At first plastic micro deformation of the material’s surface occurred, then the plastic deformation increased significantly and after some time this resulted in erosion of the material and interfacial boundary decohesion; these two effects increased simultaneously. The last of the mechanisms was mechanical destabilization of the austenite, but the clear result of the mechanical destabilization of the austenite was only observed in the last sample. Martensitic transformation of the material changed the material’s mechanical properties, but for the stainless steels this resulted in electrochemical corrosion of the material, especially through the formation of an electrochemical potential between austenite and martensite.

Dear Readers, With issue 57 (129), I have to say goodbye to you and my role as the Editor-In-Chief of the journal. On the 1st of February 2019, the Rector entrusted me with a new mission and asked me to oversee the entire publishing house of the University as its Head and Editor-In-Chief. I would like to express my gratitude for the trust placed in me by the University’s authorities. I would also like to thank the outgoing Editor-In-Chief of MUS Press, Prof. Bernard Wiśniewski, who has devoted several decades to MUS Press. During the last four years, I have managed to successfully complete many tasks, such as gaining sponsors and external funding from the Ministry of Science, establishing a recognised and international Scientific Board for the journal, designing and implementing detailed publication procedures in accordance with COPE regulations, designing and implementing an editorial system, designing and implementing an online journal repository with complete publications, modernising and uploading content to the journal’s website, gaining numerous renowned authors from around the world and introducing the quarterly to over a dozen indexes and bibliometric databases, such as Web of Science, DOAJ and InfoBase Index. All of those activities resulted in a continuous improvement in citability and other bibliometric indicators (Chybowski, 2018). I would like to use this opportunity to thank the members of the Scientific Board, the reviewers and the members of the editorial team for their cooperation and their efficient completion of the tasks related to the publication process. The time I spent as Editor-In-Chief taught me a lot about successful teamwork and shaping interpersonal relations. As of the 1st of February 2019, the role of Editor-In-Chief will be assumed by Dr Robert Jasionowski – Assistant Professor at the Institute of Basic Technical Sciences of the Maritime University of Szczecin. I am very happy that the mission relating to the further improvement of the journal’s ratings has been entrusted to this ambitious man. I sincerely hope that the new Editor-In-Chief will continue my quest of introducing the quarterly to the JCR database and gaining IF points. To achieve those goals, it is crucial to attract more international authors and continuously increase the citability of the published articles. I wish the new Editor-In-Chief all success in constantly improving the ranking of the Scientific Journals in peer-reviewed journal rankings and hope that the readers will continue to enjoy reading our quarterly publication.

Dear Readers, In the opening words of this edition 58(130) I would like to thank all the readers for their growing interest in our journal. As editor-in-chief, I am pleased that there are new authors who want to publish their research in the pages of our quarterly, which includes articles in three major thematic categories: Navigation & Maritime Transport, Transportation Engineering, and Marine Technology & Innovation. The subject matter of the published papers will likely be expanded in the future, especially considering that the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin were submitted for evaluation by advisory teams appointed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in three disciplines: civil engineering and transport; mechanical engineering; environmental engineering, mining, and power engineering. Expanding the subject matter of the papers published in the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin will further improve the position of our journal at the national and international levels. I would like to announce to our readers that the quarterly Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin (in accordance with decision No. 583/P-DUN/2019 dated 21 May 2019) has obtained co-financing for 2019–2020 from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland funds allocated for activities promoting science, including translation and proofreading. In this issue of Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, the results of fourteen research papers are presented in four sections: Marine Technology and Innovation, Navigation and Maritime Transport, Transport Engineering, and Miscellaneous. The first section, Marine Engineering & Innovation, contains four articles, the first of which presents a method to classify inland waterway ships based on images from a waterway monitoring system. The second article describes an innovative solution for automatic positioning using a visual system. In the third article, an experimental study on the hydrodynamic resistance of stepped planning hulls under different geometrical and physical conditions is presented. In the fourth article, the accuracy of defining the energy efficiency of drive systems is demonstrated by comparing hydrostatic drives using proportional engine speed control as an example. In the second section, Navigation and Maritime Transport, there are three articles. In the first article, a methods which accurately map the shoreline in Inland Navigational Charts using photogrammetric and sonar images is presented. The next article is devoted to analytical method to determine VHF marine communication bands. The last article in this section contains a research article describing the impact of temperature on the duration of the navigation season on the Oder border from 2004 to 2018. The third section, Transport Engineering, contains six articles. The authors of these articles describe the importance of inland waterway transportation in maritime and land transport systems and present the 6 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin 58 (130) current state and trends in the progressive development of inland waterway transport (infrastructure, means of transport, and impact of social media). Section four, Miscellaneous, contains one article which is dedicated to the overall average in Polish maritime law. Readers are invited to visit our web page http://scientific-journals.eu/, where they may find information about the article publication process, as well as full texts of articles from the current issue 58(130) and works published in previous issues of Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin.

Dear Readers, At the beginning of this issue 59(131), I would like to pass on an important message to all of our readers. On 31 July 2019, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education published a communiqué concerning the list of scientific journals and peer-reviewed materials from international conferences with a number of points assigned. The Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin were submitted for evaluation by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in three disciplines: 1) civil engineering and transport, 2) mechanical engineering, 3) environmental engineering, mining and energy, and received 20 points based on the opinion of the advisory panels. As Editor-in-Chief of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, I have made it my goal to develop the journal by attracting new authors and publishing high-quality scientific papers. To achieve this, I have decided to expand the subject matter of this journal. From the next issue 60(132) onwards, scientific papers will be published in the following thematic groups: – mechanical engineering; – civil engineering and transport; – environmental engineering, mining and energy; – automation, electronic and electrical engineering; – information and communication technology; – management and quality studies; – miscellaneous. Expanding the subject matter of the scientific papers will make the quarterly Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin an interdisciplinary publication. In the future, this should increase the standing of our quarterly publication on the national and international arenas and allow us to obtain a higher score in the next list of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, which is to be published in two years. In this issue of MUS Scientific Journals, we present the results of nineteen studies published in four disciplines: Marine Technology and Innovation, Navigation and Maritime Transport, Transport Engineering, and Miscellaneous. Marine Engineering & Innovation contains three articles. The author of the first paper presents the effectiveness of WHR hydrogen technology and a mathematical model of a relevant system intended to increase the efficiency of a ship power plant. The next paper presents issues related to recycling watercraft and the benefits of such undertakings for the natural environment and economy. The third paper presents the results of hardness tests of laminated composites reinforced with crushed polyester-glass recyclate. 6 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin 59 (131) In the second section, Navigation and Maritime Transport, there are two articles. The first one covers issues related to the mathematical optimization of the shift schedules of a ship’s crew. In the second paper, the authors present very interesting findings of research on modelling an unmanned vessel equipped with ecological electric drive. The third section, Transport Engineering, contains ten articles. The authors of these papers address issues related to the organization and management of transport engineering in sea ports and the significance of inland waterways in transport systems and the transport’s impact on the maritime economy. In this section, the reader will also find papers on inland tourism, integrated transport, and the environmental impacts of the latter. The fourth section, Miscellaneous, contains four articles. The first paper presents an analysis of how the GDP dynamics in the EU from 2009-2018 were influenced by intellectual property development expenditures. Another paper studies the use of a participatory budget as a tool to support sustainable urban development. The third article presents the findings of studies on the production of the lipase enzyme from Pseudomonas Aeruginosa used in biotechnological processes. In the last paper, the author presents legal issues concerning plastics polluting marine environments. All readers are invited to visit our website http://scientific-journals.eu, where, in the near future, they will find information about expanding the subject matter of papers published in the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. All information on the article publication process and full texts of articles from this issue 59(131) and previous issues will be published at this site, as well. Robert Jasionowski, PhD Editor-In-Chief Szczecin, 30.09.2019

Dear Readers, It is my great pleasure to present to you the latest issue of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University in Szczecin in a new graphical layout which will be used in the forthcoming 10 issues. This issue, No. 60 (132), is the last one of this year, so I would like to use my position as Editor-in-Chief to briefly summarise the current year. In 2019, the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University in Szczecin published 69 scientific papers prepared by 129 authors (in total, without republishing). Among them, 19.37% of authors had a foreign affiliation, and the greatest contribution came from Nigerian researchers, with 6 authors. We also received contributions from 5 Ukrainian authors, 4 Croatian authors, and 4 scientists from Iran. In addition, I would like to inform you that on 9 October 2019, the Scientific Journals Evaluation Team of Index Copernicus International delivered the assessment of our quarterly according to the ICV indicator – the Index Copernicus Value. The Index Copernicus International Team evaluates scientific journals from all over the world. Journals are then included in the ICI Journals Master List database. The scientific journals are reviewed in two categories: 1 – the quality of the journal, which includes: editorial standards, publishing frequency and regularity, online availability, and internationalisation; 2 – analysis of citation trends of the journal based on the ISI Web of Science and Scopus. The Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin generated a ICV score of 99.59 for 2018, which was slightly lower than the 2017 value of 100 ICV. It should be stated that this is still a strong result because a score above 100 ICV can usually be obtained by journals with current IF and SJR indices. This issue of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University in Szczecin presents results of twenty-seven research papers in five sections: Civil Engineering and Transport, Environmental Engineering, Mining and Energy, Management and Quality Studies, Mechanical Engineering, and Miscellaneous. The Civil Engineering and Transport section, includes eight papers which are mainly devoted to the issues of transport, including maritime, inland, rail, or motor vehicle. The authors discussed the economic, social, safety, and ecological aspects of particular modes of transportation and also presented new solutions with possible future applications. The Environmental Engineering, Mining, and Energy section, features two articles. Both papers showcase problems with environmental protection. The first article outlines the development of pro-ecological investments in Poland from 2014–2020, including an analysis of investment risks. The authors of the second paper present the results of research on the application of new mathematical models in cheaper devices capable of measuring PM10 concentrations. 6 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin 60 (132) The Management and Quality Studies section contains ten articles. The authors discuss issues related to managing methods of transport for better economic results, the impact of e-commerce on transport development and the economy, and recent innovations in e-commerce. There is also research on social issues related to managing the operations of a seaport and individual workers. The Mechanical Engineering section contains four articles. The authors of the first paper discuss ideas related to the determination of steam injector operating parameters for different drive steam parameters. The next article is devoted to the reliability and availability of fire alarm systems on ships. The third paper presents an analysis of vertical shear forces and bending moments during nodule loading for a standard bulk carrier in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. The last article in this thematic group describes the results of simulation-based and academic research on child safety seat suspension. The last section, Miscellaneous, contains three articles on very different topics. The first paper presents research on the properties of Annona Muricata and its possible future applications as a medicinal component. The second paper discusses the cooperation between China and Central Asian, Middle Eastern, African, and European countries. The third article discloses research results on the influence of intellectual property on the economic development of a country. Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to encourage authors from all over the world to publish their articles in our scientific journal – the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. Readers are welcome to visit our website, http://scientific-journals.eu/, where they may access the online version of the current issue as well as archival issues.

Dear Readers, It is my great pleasure to present to our readers the most recent issue 61 (133) of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University in Szczecin. This time, the Scientific Journals contains the results of nineteen research endeavors that are categorized into seven thematic groups: Automation, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Engineering and Transport, Environmental Engineering, Mining and Energy, Information and Communication Technology, Management and Quality Studies, Mechanical Engineering, and Miscellaneous. The first section – Automation, Electronic and Electrical Engineering – contains three papers. The authors of the first paper discuss issues with compensating harmonic currents, reactive power, and imbalances in the bypass load power of a closed-loop control of a shunt active power filter. The next paper describes a method for steering the mechatronics of a shaft generator by applying permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG), allowing for work stability while changing the rotational speed of the shaft. In the third paper, the authors present their research on the durability of selected LED lamps. The second section – Civil Engineering and Transport – includes five papers. The first describes the application of a parametric method in railway transport, especially for track infrastructure inventory. The authors of the second paper share their interesting results regarding simulations of accident results and navigational risks in fairways stemming from a ship’s technical malfunctions. The problems discussed in the third paper involve determining the position of inland vessels in the immediate vicinity of the Długi and the Kolejowy Bridges in Szczecin. As for the fourth paper, the author analyses issues associated with the safe management of a ship’s exploitation, especially as it relates to maritime safety culture. The last article in this section examines social expectations regarding public transport using the example of Szczecin. The third section – Environmental Engineering, Mining, and Energy – contains one paper that reports simulated oil spills and their spread under various atmospheric conditions. The fourth section – Information and Communication Technology – also includes one article, which presents a software pack for monitoring various possible events that threaten a ship and its crew. The fifth section – Management and Quality Studies – contains three papers. The first is devoted to human resource management in a company with regard to its development. The subject matter of the next two papers is related to the social responsibility of managing maritime ports and the environmental and societal effects of such management. The penultimate section – Mechanical Engineering – contains three articles. The authors of the first paper discuss torsional, longitudinal, and lateral vibrations of a propeller shaft. The next paper presents changes in the microstructure of elements made of unalloyed cast steel with 0.3% carbon content regenerated using welding technology. The third paper presents a method for gassing-up ethylene without uncontrolled losses and disruptions in a transshipment installation. 6 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin 61 (133) The last section – Miscellaneous – contains three articles. The author of the first one describes a model of safe infrastructure for an oil terminal with regards to its exploitation process. The next paper discusses the effects of LED lighting on human health, especially the eyes. The last paper contains a comparative bibliometric analysis of sources of maritime transport based on the Web of Science database. I invite all readers to visit our website: http://scientific-journals. eu/. It provides all essential information on the publication process, along with full papers included in the current 61 (133) issue and archival papers published in the Scientific Journals of MUS.

Dear Readers, I am pleased to present to you No. 62(134) of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. This issue presents the results of nineteen research papers in six thematic groups: Civil Engineering and Transport, Environmental Engineering, Mining and Energy, Information and Communication Technology, Management and Quality Science, Mechanical Engineering, and Miscellaneous. The first thematic group – Civil Engineering and Transport – contains five papers. In the first, the authors analyse the causes of 162 accidents of marine vessels in the Strait of Çanakkale. The second paper provides a SWOT analysis of the various vessels used in offshore crude oil and gas extraction. The next paper in this section addresses methods for locating and tracking rolling stock using global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) using Polish State Railways (PKP) as an example. The fourth article presents a model for improving the energy efficiency of road transport based on the sustainable development of the national economy. The last publication presents a detailed experimental analysis of loading gas into cargo tanks on ethylene carriers. The second group – Environmental Engineering, Mining and Energy – contains one article. The author presents safe and environmentally friendly techniques for the recovery of derelict fishing gear (DFG). The next group – Information and Communication Technology – also contains one article. In this publication, the authors present a MATLAB algorithm to identify energy-efficient solutions for managing movable facilities on waterways. There are two articles in the fourth group Management and Quality Science. The authors of the first paper present the statistical distributions of operational surveys performed by different marine vessels in a port. The second paper investigates the profitability of operating three types of vehicles: rented, new, and used. Seven articles are included in the fifth thematic group, Mechanical Engineering. The papers include various studies primarily related to numerical methods, in particular, the finite element method (FEM) and the finite volume method (FVM). This group also includes a publication on safety management issues, with a focus on the impact of safety culture standards on reducing accidents in a ship engine room. In the last group – Miscellaneous – there are three articles with very different subjects. The first paper describes how to optimize and ensure the reliable operation of a port oil terminal to maximize the lifetime of its critical infrastructure. Another paper addresses the planning and control of rescuing a person overboard based on the SAR Navi-Harbor module for the Baltic Sea. The last article reports the impact of regional development funds (RDFs) on the regional growth of small and medium-sized enterprises and the impact of intellectual property on the economic development of the studied country. I take this opportunity to encourage authors from around the world to publish their findings in the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. All readers are invited to visit our website: http://scientific-journals.eu/ which provides readers with access to electronic versions of current and older issues.